The Lorenz Curve

Definition of Contradictory Premises

Contradictory premises involve an  argument (generally considered a logical fallacy) that draws a conclusion from inconsistent or incompatible premises. Essentially, a proposition is contradictory when it asserts and denies the same thing. Examples and Observations of Contradictory Premises Here’s an example of Contradictory Premises: If God can do anything, can He make a stone so heavy that He won’t be able to lift it?Of course, she replied promptly.But if He can do anything, He can lift the stone, I pointed out.Yeah, she said thoughtfully. Well, then I guess He can’t make the stone.But He can do anything, I reminded her.She scratched her pretty, empty head. I’m all confused, she admitted.Of course you are. Because when the premises of an argument contradict each other, there can be no argument. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. Get it?Tell me more of this keen stuff, she said eagerly.(Max Shulman, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis. Doubleday, 1951)It is . . . sometimes difficult to distinguish between real and apparent incompatible premises. For example, a father who is trying to convince his child that no one should be trusted is obviously making an exception of himself. If he really were making incompatible claims (since you should trust no one, and you should trust me), no rational conclusion could or should be drawn by the child. However, the incompatible premises are only apparent; the father has carelessly overstated the first premise. If he had said, Dont trust most people or Trust very few people, or Dont trust anyone except me, he would have had no trouble avoiding the contradiction.(T. Edward Damer, Attacking Faulty Reasoning: A Practical Guide to Fallacy-Free Arguments, 6th ed. Wadsworth, 2008)To say that lying is justified must, according to the rational principle enshrined in the categorical imperative, be to say that everyone is justified in lying. But the implication of this is that the distinction between lying and telling the truth is no longer valid. If lying is universalized (i.e., if everyone ought to lie becomes a universal maxim of action), then the whole rationale for lying disappears because nob ody will consider that any response might be truthful. Such a [maxim] is self-contradictory, since it negates the distinction between lying and truth-telling. Lying can exist only if we expect to hear the truth; if we expect to be told lies, the motive for lying disappears. To identify lying as ethical, then, is to be inconsistent. It is to try to sustain two contradictory premises (everyone ought to lie and everyone ought to tell the truth) and is therefore not rational.(Sally E. Talbot, Partial Reason: Critical and Constructive Transformations of Ethics and Epistemology. Greenwood, 2000) Contradictory Premises in Mental Logic Unlike the standard logic of textbooks, people draw no conclusions from contradictory premises--such premise sets cannot qualify as assumptions. No one ordinarily would assume a contradictory set of premises, but would see such as absurd. (David P. OBrien, Mental Logic and Irrationality: We Can Put a Man on the Moon, So Why Cant We Solve These Logical Reasoning Problems. Mental Logic, ed. by Martin D. S. Braine and David P. OBrien. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1998)In standard logic an argument is valid as long as there is no assignment of truth values to its atomic propositions such that the premises taken conjunctively are true and the conclusion is false; thus any argument with contradictory premises is valid. In mental logic, nothing could be inferred in such a situation except that some assumption is wrong, and the schemas are not applied to premises unless the premises are accepted. (David P. OBrien, Finding Logic in Human Reasoning Requires Looking in the Right Places. Perspectives on Th inking and Reasoning, ed. by Stephen E. Newstead and Jonathan St.B. T. Evans. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995) Also Known As: Incompatible Premises

A Secret Weapon for Darwin Essay Samples

A Secret Weapon for Darwin Essay Samples Facts, Fiction and Darwin Essay Samples You've got a guide and get ideas about what to do with your essay. Also, you can look for sample expository essay topics so you will understand what to research and that which you will deal with. You can readily find essay writing services which could write for you at cheap prices. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. Our purpose is to supply you with a professionally written essay on the subject you require. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you might want to argue is a superb start. Ruthless Darwin Essay Samples Strategies Exploited The questions are asked to be able to further understand human behavior and the various things that directly impact the human behavior. Forms exist, but they may not be grasped by sight since they are perfect, unchanging models. In here, you ought not introduce any new details. All that information ought to be included in the body paragraphs. In that situation, you may want to assume the occurrence of God in your opening paragraph rather than spending several pages providing an argument for the presence of God. The definition is actually brief but comprehensive. You would then have to supply an argument which indicates that a distinct mind-independent moral obligation exists. You would have to first prov ide an argument for the presence of mind-independent moral obligations. Please remember that the next examples only represent a small part of the various ethical arguments that philosophers have made throughout time. Evolution theory is one, which seeks to spell out the origin of man and provides information that's valid on the way in which the world might have come into being. Philosophy will help to clarify the idea of evolution. The scientist mentions that people frequently attempt to breed cattle also. To begin with, you may use reasons backed by facts to talk in your favor. In the political field in Mauritius, for instance, women are encouraged to join politics. Instead, concentrate on the explanations for why you did choose your specialty. The Bizarre Secret of Darwin Essay Samples Basically however, the notion is to refrain from making assumptions that very few or no acceptable men and women would make. It is possible to pick out and simplify ideal questions based on your children's age. Admittedly, people have the inclination to believ e in things that can be explained in simple terms. A mind-independent explanation is some sort of reason which exists independently of human thought. It is necessary for a writer to study each side of the issue to be able to find out how to beat counterarguments. Darwin provides illustrations that are simple to comprehend. Thus, make sure every sentence offers valuable info to the reader. Writing of scholarship graduate essay is a really tough academic task simply because students must demonstrate they are capable of accomplishing the task that they're applying for. It is a true art form. In fact, there are a number of custom made research paper services readily available online, and you should really discover more about them. Providentially, the procedure for writing a thesis paper was perfected over many decades. Also, utilize all the scratch paper you demand. Since you may see, it is straightforward to buy a research paper or another bit of writing from our company. The Tried and True Method for Darwin Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail On the flip side, evolution scientists feel that the info supplied by the creation scientists on the origin of man is false as they have zero evidence to justify their claims. As an issue of fact, contradicting ideas among different scientists could possibly be contributed by the religious believes of distinct scientists around the world. Darwin conducted widespread research on animals and plants to be able to learn the important procedure of evolution. He also failed to provide an approximate time that will be needed for evolution to take place on earth.

The Media And Its Impact On Society - 1660 Words

Ever since the creation of the first technology, inventors and creative minds have progressed the development of those devices. Whether an entirely new gadget was developed to replace an existing one or a product was improved to run more efficiently, corporations have always strived to provide the public with services that satisfy our craving for entertainment and information while remaining lenient on our limited time and wallets. The 2010’s have been defined by the emergence of smart devices and tablets, and therefore the media has had to accommodate their services to the individuals with those devices in order to make business, thus abandoning the previous technology. Americans are not halting their readership or watching of traditional†¦show more content†¦As an avid reader myself, I can testify that most people I speak to about liking to read bring up the point that they either can’t focus on reading at all, or that they enjoy it but don’t have time for it. One must wonder if the individuals are to blame for losing interest in reading, or if keeping up with social demands allows no time for people to invest in books. Either way, reading as a hobby has gone down over ten percent since the eighties (Hammer, 2006). However, for those that admit to enjoy reading but don’t have the time, new technologies make it easy for busy readers to pick up an eBook or audiobook on-the-go. Amazon.com launched the Kindle in 2007 and it has grown to such popular heights that the company now sells upward of one million Kindle tablets per week (Townsville Bulletin, 2011). From its conception, the Kindle was expected to surpass sales of physical books eventually, but founder of Amazon, Jeff Bezos, claims he never knew it would happen so quickly (Geelong Advertiser, 2011). Currently, â€Å"105 Kindle e-books [are sold] for every 100 print books, hardcover and paperback combined,† a number which publishing companies lust over as they hustle to make all of their books available digitally (Geelong Advertiser, 2011). EBooks may be slowly replacing physical books, an idea that society both fears and supports, but the bottom line is that the public is still consuming literature, but in a different form. If there is a death of

Cultural Genocide The Movie Free Essays

The film â€Å"Cultural Genocide† presented Asa Hilliard III, an African American professor of educational psychology, who focused on the particularities of genocide, homicide and suicide. According to Hilliard, he recalls genocide as any one of the following acts with the attempt to destroy a national, ethnic, religious or racial group; few examples include killing members of a group, causing bodily harm and forcibly transferring children to another group. Cultural genocide is best explained with examples, whereas indirect instances may include any prevention from practicing one’s culture or where one loses their sense of culture and a direct example is black on black killings. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Genocide: The Movie or any similar topic only for you Order Now Homicide is an important issue Hilliard expresses, as there are many murders and bodily harm induced by African Americans towards other African Americans. Homicide not only includes lethal killings, but terminal illnesses as well, such as AIDS.AIDS is detrimental to any group, as it is can be carelessly transmitted to others, due to lack of awareness of their illness; however, it causes much damage to groups since it is being passed along, terminally harming individuals. There are many illnesses and murders that can definitely be avoided among African Americans, but they continue to be inflicted by harm, whether it is consciously or unconscious. In order to avoid such conflict, Hilliard suggests that African Americans need to be in touch with their cultural identity, he offers that it is a tie that binds a culture together, which calls for possible collaboration.Collaboration brings a sense of identity and teamwork to a culture, specifically as it allows a group to function, even wh en passing national boundaries, as well as individually. With African Americans having better cultural identity, there is a possibility that black on black crime will decrease, as many will view each other as their â€Å"brothers and sisters†. If young African Americans viewed each other as family, they will most definitely treat each other with more respect and dignity, as the young will avoid physical harm among one another, which will deter crime.Nevertheless, the importance of cultural ties can link to relations among African Americans and more importantly, deter black on black crime. Black on black crime is not limited to only murders, but also within an extraordinary example, in which Hilliard presents regarding teachers in the classrooms and black communities. In predominantly African American classrooms, educators have struggled to find teachers, specifically African American teachers. Educators believe it is vital to have African American teachers, in order for the predominantly black students to perceive their own race as a role model.Having only European teachers be the majority may cause more racial gaps, but is it important to realize that educators did in fact try to employ African American teachers; however, they simply denied the employment opportunity, as they believed there was no potential for growth or promotion. This example is no doubt causing harm among African Americans, children are not seeing their own race in the education field, causing much destruction, as potential dreams of being an educator can be damaged, as hope for their own race is non-existent.If there were more African American teachers in predominantly black schools, there is more potential for black children to see themselves as being a teacher. There are many ways to encourage children to strive for education, role models are definitely one of them and now that there is a black president in office, he serves as an icon for the African American community, as well as representing a change among racial gaps. Although a drastic change happened in the White house, it is important to remember the educational inconsistency among African American students.Many African American students still suffer many disparities among their school, including the lack of funds, which ultimately the youth endures the burden of having insufficie nt supplies for learning. Education is becoming severely limited for African American students, as there is a shortage of educational supplies necessary for learning, including books and even teachers. If African American teachers do not want to teach their own race, because of individual concerns of upward mobility, there is much damage imposed on African American children. In order to succeed and move forward, African Americans need to remember their cultural ties and stand together. It is reality that there is an educational gap, where certain races are inclined to being economically despaired; therefore, African Americans need to remember the importance of their cultural ties, which will not only bring them together but also, help each individual succeed. Suicide is mentioned in Hilliard’s speech because of its increasing rate of deaths in the African American community.Hilliard announces it is the leading cause of death for African American men and in fact, more die from suicide than homicide. Women, too, are impacted by suicide, as they carry more attempts to kill themselves than men do. Suicide may have been caused by the lack of belonging to something, many came from broken families and did not have a sense of community, which caused the creation of gangs, where the youth seeks familial ties and sense of belonging, in order to make up for the lack of a family.There is definitely a pattern of why many African Americans suffer and it is due to the lack of cultural identity, many have no clue where they come from and it is indeed causing much destruction. Many African Americans feel they do not belong to anything, as they lack a family, which in turn, leads them to feeling worthless, causing identity loss and thoughts of suicide. In order to make sure no other African American children feel the sense of unworthiness, there must be more collectiveness and collaboration to help overcome upcoming generations and prevent them from feeling unworthy.Many can begin by joining community groups, religious groups, or sporting activities, just to give the initial feeling of belonging to a population, this can therefore, boost self-esteem and bring identity to one’s life. The African American community must work collectively and they are definitely at a good start, as President Obama can help many of his black â€Å"brothers and sisters† conquer racial and economic disparities. How to cite Cultural Genocide: The Movie, Papers

Crazy, Stupid, Love Essay Example For Students

Crazy, Stupid, Love Essay When it comes to hooking up, society has established what is considered the key factors that contribute to what determines the success of a hookup. Although there is no definition that defines an â€Å"ideal hookup,† there are several criteria that adhere to what a true hookup entails. In a scene from â€Å"Crazy Stupid Love,† Ryan Gosling approaches an unfamiliar woman at a bar, Emma Stone, and suggests that she come home with him, eventually she accepts his invitation and they end up at Ryan’s condo, engaging in a night of romantic gestures and conversation. Emma and Ryan were strangers that met at a bar, suggesting that this hookup had the potential to be successful, however, because they chose to spend the night connecting on an emotional level rather partaking in sexual intercourse, their hookup is deemed as unsuccessful. In a scene from the movie â€Å"Crazy, Stupid, Love† we see the progressive stages of a hookup between Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone. Ryan and Emma are both found at a bar one night, Ryan decides to approach Emma and starts to be flirtations, he eventually suggest that she go home with him for the night. Emma at first rejects Ryan’s offer, however, after having issues with her boyfriend, she promptly seeks out Ryan and accepts his offer. They both leave the bar together and arrive at Ryan’s suave condo, the music is playing and Ryan immediately makes them both drinks. Emma proceeds to gulp down both drinks and then asks Ryan to disclose his methods of seduction. Ryan reveals that he reenacts the dancing scene from the film â€Å"Dirty Dancing,† and then says that it has never failed to get women to sleep with him. Emma then agrees to take part in the â€Å"move†, successively leading them into Ryan bedroom. As they are kissing in bed, Emma continuously asks Ryan questions, this spark of conversation eventually leading to an intimate and long conversation about their personal lives. No sexual intercourse takes place between the two of them, and they eventually fall asleep after talking for hours. Gosling and Stone meet for the first time at a bar and have no pervious background knowledge about each other. They were merely brought together by Reynolds attraction to Stone and his willingness to approach her and share this attraction. The atmosphere of the bar was seductive and luring, making for the perfect place for a man to pick up women. In the scene Emma is sitting at a table with her friend while Ryan is prowling around the bar to find a women to take home with him. Ryan eventually approaches Emma in the hopes that she will go home with him tonight. He says, â€Å"I’ll guarantee you this, you’re never going to regret going home with that guy from the bar that one time who’s a total tom cat in the sac† (Reynolds). Here, Ryan is very blunt, stating that if she were to come home with him, it would solely be two strangers hooking up. At this point Ryan and Emma know little to nothing about each other, this lack of knowledge makes it easy to disregard their emotions and only focus on the physical aspect of the hookup. With this being the intentions of both of them the start of their successful hookup is heading in the right direction Emma and Ryan were both consuming alcohol at the bar where they met, and continued to drink upon arriving at Ryan’s condo. Alcohol consumption is considered by many people to be an essential for a hookup to be successful, and because they were both consuming alcohol puts them on track for having a successful hookup. Kate Taylor, the author of Sex on Campus: She Can Play That Game, Too, wrote â€Å"Women said universally that hookups could not exist without alcohol, because they were for the most part too uncomfortable to pair off with men they did not know well without being drunk† (Taylor). .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .postImageUrl , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:hover , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:visited , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:active { border:0!important; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:active , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: From the comparative study of the film EssayAlcohol is imperative when it comes to having a successful hookup because both man and woman are more willing to associate with someone they don’t know very well while under the influence of alcohol. When Emma and Ryan both arrived back at his condo, he immediately makes two alcoholic drinks that she gulps down instantly and then says, â€Å"that’s not my favorite, thank you†(Stone). Even though she didn’t prefer the drinks he made, she still drank both because in the hopes that it would calm her nerves. Even though Emma and Ryan were not blackout drunk, they were both somewhat intoxicated, which helped further their path towards having a successful hookup. When Ryan brings Emma back to his place, he immediately makes her a drink, turns on music, and sets the tone for what he expects to be a successful hookup. Emma is acting as though she is ready to â€Å"get to the bed† and get things started. They talk about Gosling signature move, where he reenacts a scene from dirty dancing, he says, â€Å"So I tell girls I can do the move, I put on the song Time of Your Life, I do the big move, and they (girls) always want to have sex with me† (Reynolds). Ryan then proceeds to make this big move to Emma and they consequently end up in his bedroom and start making out. As things seem to be going in the right direction between the two of them, they start to get off track and they begin talking on an emotional level, sharing personal past experiences with one another. At this point they are being more emotionally intimate than physically intimate, leading to the downfall of their successful hookup path. When Ryan and Emma first enter the bedroom things seem like they are going in the right direction, however, it turns out that they do not engage in any type of sexual intercourse. In an ideal hookup, their should be more intimacy rather than talk about your personal life, which is why Ryan and Emma failed to meet the set criteria that make for a successful hookup. Ryan even asks Emma to â€Å"ask him something personal about himself†(Reynolds). At this point, it is obvious that they have embarked on a path that could mean more than just a hookup. Kate Taylor defines a â€Å"hookup† as, â€Å"an ambiguous term that can signify anything from making out to oral sex to intercourse without the emotional entanglement of a relationship†(Taylor). Ryan and Emma have dodged these two criteria by not engaging in sexual intercourse and by becoming personally and emotionally involved, leading to the demise of their successful hookup attempt. Eventually, Ryan and Emma fall asleep in bed after a night of talking, and not engaging in any type of sexual intercourse which is why their hookup is not seen as successful. Even though Emma fell asleep at Ryan’s place, they had created a bond by the end of the night, an emotional bond, and one that would not be created through an ideal hookup. In Alex Williams article The End of Courtship he gives an example of what spending the night after a hookup would lead to, â€Å"She spent the night at the apartment, which kicked off a cycle of weekly hookups, invariably preceded by a Thursday night text message from him saying, ‘hey babe, what are you up to this weekend? ’†(Williams). In this case, the two people are engaging in a series of casual hookups from one time being spent at the guy’s apartment. In Emma and Ryan’s case, they partook in the initial stages of a successful hookup but the end result was far from ideal and does not correlate with what is defined as a successful hookup. A hookup is something that is developed through certain criteria that have been set by society. Overall, Emma and Ryan did not meet all of the standards that result in a successful hookup. .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .postImageUrl , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:hover , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:visited , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:active { border:0!important; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:active , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparison Of A Modern Love Poem With 'The Flea' EssayEven though in the initial stages they were headed in the right direction, it was towards the end of the night that they began to fall of track and develop an emotional connection rather than engage in any kind of sexual activity that would have kept them on track for an ideal hookup. Their inability to connect in a sexual way, due to the distractions of their intimate conversations about family and past occurrences, was the reason that they were unsuccessful in having a successful hookup.